Threat of fake job applications in crypto

Suspected North Korean operatives are allegedly using fake job applications to infiltrate web3 projects, siphoning off millions and raising security concerns.

In the last few years, blockchain and web3 have been at the forefront of technological innovation. However, to paraphrase a quote, with great innovation comes great risk. 

Recent revelations have uncovered a sophisticated scheme by operatives suspected to be affiliated with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to infiltrate the sector through fake job applications, raising alarms about the security and integrity of the industry.

Economic motives and cyber strategies

North Korea’s economy has been severely crippled by international sanctions, limiting its access to crucial resources, restricting trade opportunities, and hindering its ability to engage in global financial transactions. 

In response, the regime has employed various methods to circumvent these sanctions, including illicit shipping practices, smuggling, and tunneling, as well as using front companies and foreign banks to conduct transactions indirectly. 

However, one of the DPRK’s most unconventional methods of raising revenue is its reported use of a sophisticated cybercrime warfare program that allegedly conducts cyberattacks on financial institutions, crypto exchanges, and other targets.

The crypto industry has been one of the biggest victims of this rogue state’s alleged cyber operations, with a TRM report from earlier in the year indicating crypto lost at least $600 million to North Korea in 2023 alone. 

In total, the report stated that North Korea was responsible for an eye-watering $3 billion worth of crypto stolen since 2017.

With crypto seemingly a soft and lucrative target, reports have emerged of DPRK-linked actors tightening the screw by infiltrating the industry using fake job applications. 

Once hired, these operatives are in a better position to steal and siphon off funds to support North Korea’s nuclear weapons program and circumvent the global financial restrictions imposed on it.

The modus operandi: fake job applications

Going by stories in the media and information from government agencies, it seems DPRK operatives have perfected the art of deception, crafting fake identities and resumes to secure remote jobs in crypto and blockchain companies worldwide. 

An Axios story from May 2024 highlighted how North Korean IT specialists were gaming American hiring practices to infiltrate the country’s tech space. 

Axios said the North Korean agents use forged documents and fake identities, often masking their true locations with VPNs. Additionally, the story claimed that these would-be bad actors primarily target sensitive roles in the blockchain sector, including developers, IT specialists, and security analysts.

300 companies affected by fake remote job application scam

The scale of this deception is vast, with the U.S. Justice Department recently revealing that more than 300 U.S. companies were duped into hiring North Koreans through a massive remote work scam. 

These scammers not only filled positions in the blockchain and web3 space but also allegedly attempted to penetrate more secure and sensitive areas, including government agencies.

According to the Justice Department, the North Korean operatives used stolen American identities to pose as domestic technology professionals, with the infiltration generating millions of dollars in revenue for their beleaguered country.

Interestingly, one of the orchestrators of the scheme was an Arizona woman, Christina Marie Chapman, who allegedly facilitated the placement of these workers by creating a network of so-called “laptop farms” in the U.S. 

These setups reportedly allowed the job scammers to appear as though they were working within the United States, thereby deceiving numerous businesses, including several Fortune 500 companies.

Notable incidents and investigations

Several high-profile cases have shown how these North Korea-linked agents infiltrated the crypto industry, exploited vulnerabilities, and engaged in fraudulent activities. 

Cybersecurity experts like ZachXBT have provided insights into these operations through detailed analyses on social media. Below, we look at a few of them.

Case 1: Light Fury’s $300K transfer

ZachXBT recently spotlighted an incident involving an alleged North Korean IT worker using the alias “Light Fury.” Operating under the fake name Gary Lee, ZachXBT claimed Light Fury transferred over $300,000 from his public Ethereum Name Service (ENS) address, lightfury.eth, to Kim Sang Man, a name which is on the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions list.